Note
Click here to download the full example code
07. Train YOLOv3 on PASCAL VOC¶
This tutorial goes through the basic steps of training a YOLOv3 object detection model provided by GluonCV.
Specifically, we show how to build a state-of-the-art YOLOv3 model by stacking GluonCV components.
Hint
You can skip the rest of this tutorial and start training your YOLOv3 model right away by downloading this script:
Download train_yolo.py
Random shape training requires more GPU memory but generates better results. You can turn it off by setting –no-random-shape.
Example usage:
Train a default darknet53 model with Pascal VOC on GPU 0:
python train_yolo.py --gpus 0
Train a darknet53 model on GPU 0,1,2,3 with synchronize BatchNorm:
python train_yolo.py --gpus 0,1,2,3 --network darknet53 --syncbn
Check the supported arguments:
python train_yolo.py --help
Hint
Since lots of contents in this tutorial is very similar to 04. Train SSD on Pascal VOC dataset, you can skip any part if you feel comfortable.
Dataset¶
Please first go through this Prepare PASCAL VOC datasets tutorial to setup Pascal VOC dataset on your disk. Then, we are ready to load training and validation images.
import gluoncv as gcv
from gluoncv.data import VOCDetection
# typically we use 2007+2012 trainval splits for training data
train_dataset = VOCDetection(splits=[(2007, 'trainval'), (2012, 'trainval')])
# and use 2007 test as validation data
val_dataset = VOCDetection(splits=[(2007, 'test')])
print('Training images:', len(train_dataset))
print('Validation images:', len(val_dataset))
Out:
Training images: 16551
Validation images: 4952
Data transform¶
We can read an image-label pair from the training dataset:
train_image, train_label = train_dataset[60]
bboxes = train_label[:, :4]
cids = train_label[:, 4:5]
print('image:', train_image.shape)
print('bboxes:', bboxes.shape, 'class ids:', cids.shape)
Out:
image: (500, 334, 3)
bboxes: (6, 4) class ids: (6, 1)
Plot the image, together with the bounding box labels:
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from gluoncv.utils import viz
ax = viz.plot_bbox(train_image.asnumpy(), bboxes, labels=cids, class_names=train_dataset.classes)
plt.show()
Validation images are quite similar to training because they were basically split randomly to different sets
val_image, val_label = val_dataset[100]
bboxes = val_label[:, :4]
cids = val_label[:, 4:5]
ax = viz.plot_bbox(val_image.asnumpy(), bboxes, labels=cids, class_names=train_dataset.classes)
plt.show()
For YOLOv3 networks, we apply similar transforms to SSD example.
from gluoncv.data.transforms import presets
from gluoncv import utils
from mxnet import nd
width, height = 416, 416 # resize image to 416x416 after all data augmentation
train_transform = presets.yolo.YOLO3DefaultTrainTransform(width, height)
val_transform = presets.yolo.YOLO3DefaultValTransform(width, height)
utils.random.seed(123) # fix seed in this tutorial
apply transforms to train image
train_image2, train_label2 = train_transform(train_image, train_label)
print('tensor shape:', train_image2.shape)
Out:
tensor shape: (3, 416, 416)
Images in tensor are distorted because they no longer sit in (0, 255) range. Let’s convert them back so we can see them clearly.
train_image2 = train_image2.transpose((1, 2, 0)) * nd.array((0.229, 0.224, 0.225)) + nd.array((0.485, 0.456, 0.406))
train_image2 = (train_image2 * 255).clip(0, 255)
ax = viz.plot_bbox(train_image2.asnumpy(), train_label2[:, :4],
labels=train_label2[:, 4:5],
class_names=train_dataset.classes)
plt.show()
Transforms used in training include random color distortion, random expand/crop, random flipping, resizing and fixed color normalization. In comparison, validation only involves resizing and color normalization.
Data Loader¶
We will iterate through the entire dataset many times during training. Keep in mind that raw images have to be transformed to tensors (mxnet uses BCHW format) before they are fed into neural networks.
A handy DataLoader would be very convenient for us to apply different transforms and aggregate data into mini-batches.
Because the number of objects varys a lot across images, we also have
varying label sizes. As a result, we need to pad those labels to the same size.
To deal with this problem, GluonCV provides gluoncv.data.batchify.Pad
,
which handles padding automatically.
gluoncv.data.batchify.Stack
in addition, is used to stack NDArrays with consistent shapes.
gluoncv.data.batchify.Tuple
is used to handle different behaviors across multiple outputs from transform functions.
from gluoncv.data.batchify import Tuple, Stack, Pad
from mxnet.gluon.data import DataLoader
batch_size = 2 # for tutorial, we use smaller batch-size
num_workers = 0 # you can make it larger(if your CPU has more cores) to accelerate data loading
# behavior of batchify_fn: stack images, and pad labels
batchify_fn = Tuple(Stack(), Pad(pad_val=-1))
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset.transform(train_transform), batch_size, shuffle=True,
batchify_fn=batchify_fn, last_batch='rollover', num_workers=num_workers)
val_loader = DataLoader(val_dataset.transform(val_transform), batch_size, shuffle=False,
batchify_fn=batchify_fn, last_batch='keep', num_workers=num_workers)
for ib, batch in enumerate(train_loader):
if ib > 3:
break
print('data 0:', batch[0][0].shape, 'label 0:', batch[1][0].shape)
print('data 1:', batch[0][1].shape, 'label 1:', batch[1][1].shape)
Out:
data 0: (3, 416, 416) label 0: (3, 6)
data 1: (3, 416, 416) label 1: (3, 6)
data 0: (3, 416, 416) label 0: (2, 6)
data 1: (3, 416, 416) label 1: (2, 6)
data 0: (3, 416, 416) label 0: (5, 6)
data 1: (3, 416, 416) label 1: (5, 6)
data 0: (3, 416, 416) label 0: (12, 6)
data 1: (3, 416, 416) label 1: (12, 6)
YOLOv3 Network¶
GluonCV’s YOLOv3 implementation is a composite Gluon HybridBlock. In terms of structure, YOLOv3 networks are composed of base feature extraction network, convolutional transition layers, upsampling layers, and specially designed YOLOv3 output layers.
We highly recommend you to read the original paper to learn more about the ideas behind YOLO [YOLOv3].
Gluon Model Zoo has a few built-in YOLO networks, more on the way. You can load your favorite one with one simple line of code:
Hint
To avoid downloading models in this tutorial, we set pretrained_base=False, in practice we usually want to load pre-trained imagenet models by setting pretrained_base=True.
from gluoncv import model_zoo
net = model_zoo.get_model('yolo3_darknet53_voc', pretrained_base=False)
print(net)
Out:
YOLOV3(
(_target_generator): YOLOV3TargetMerger(
(_dynamic_target): YOLOV3DynamicTargetGeneratorSimple(
(_batch_iou): BBoxBatchIOU(
(_pre): BBoxSplit(
)
)
)
)
(_loss): YOLOV3Loss(batch_axis=0, w=None)
(stages): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 32, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(2): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 32, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 64, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(3): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(4): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(5): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 64, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(6): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(7): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(8): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(9): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(10): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(11): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(12): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(13): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(14): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(2): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(3): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(4): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(5): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(6): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(7): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(8): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
)
(2): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 1024, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(2, 2), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 1024, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(2): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 1024, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(3): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 1024, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(4): DarknetBasicBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 1024, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
)
)
(transitions): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
(yolo_blocks): HybridSequential(
(0): YOLODetectionBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 1024, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(2): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(3): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 1024, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(4): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
(tip): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 1024, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
(1): YOLODetectionBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(2): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(3): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(4): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
(tip): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 512, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
(2): YOLODetectionBlockV3(
(body): HybridSequential(
(0): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(1): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(2): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(3): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
(4): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 128, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
(tip): HybridSequential(
(0): Conv2D(None -> 256, kernel_size=(3, 3), stride=(1, 1), padding=(1, 1), bias=False)
(1): BatchNorm(axis=1, eps=1e-05, momentum=0.9, fix_gamma=False, use_global_stats=False, in_channels=None)
(2): LeakyReLU(0.1)
)
)
)
(yolo_outputs): HybridSequential(
(0): YOLOOutputV3(
(prediction): Conv2D(None -> 75, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1))
)
(1): YOLOOutputV3(
(prediction): Conv2D(None -> 75, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1))
)
(2): YOLOOutputV3(
(prediction): Conv2D(None -> 75, kernel_size=(1, 1), stride=(1, 1))
)
)
)
YOLOv3 network is callable with image tensor
YOLOv3 returns three values, where cids
are the class labels,
scores
are confidence scores of each prediction,
and bboxes
are absolute coordinates of corresponding bounding boxes.
Training targets¶
There are four losses involved in end-to-end YOLOv3 training.
the loss to penalize incorrect class/box prediction, and is defined in gluoncv.loss.YOLOV3Loss
loss = gcv.loss.YOLOV3Loss()
# which is already included in YOLOv3 network
print(net._loss)
Out:
YOLOV3Loss(batch_axis=0, w=None)
To speed up training, we let CPU to pre-compute some training targets (similar to SSD example).
This is especially nice when your CPU is powerful and you can use -j num_workers
to utilize multi-core CPU.
If we provide network to the training transform function, it will compute partial training targets
from mxnet import autograd
train_transform = presets.yolo.YOLO3DefaultTrainTransform(width, height, net)
# return stacked images, center_targets, scale_targets, gradient weights, objectness_targets, class_targets
# additionally, return padded ground truth bboxes, so there are 7 components returned by dataloader
batchify_fn = Tuple(*([Stack() for _ in range(6)] + [Pad(axis=0, pad_val=-1) for _ in range(1)]))
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset.transform(train_transform), batch_size, shuffle=True,
batchify_fn=batchify_fn, last_batch='rollover', num_workers=num_workers)
for ib, batch in enumerate(train_loader):
if ib > 0:
break
print('data:', batch[0][0].shape)
print('label:', batch[6][0].shape)
with autograd.record():
input_order = [0, 6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
obj_loss, center_loss, scale_loss, cls_loss = net(*[batch[o] for o in input_order])
# sum up the losses
# some standard gluon training steps:
# autograd.backward(sum_loss)
# trainer.step(batch_size)
Out:
data: (3, 416, 416)
label: (4, 4)
This time we can see the data loader is actually returning the training targets for us. Then it is very naturally a gluon training loop with Trainer and let it update the weights.
Hint
Please checkout the full training script
for complete implementation.